In 2021, Yeung and colleagues were the first to examine a macrophage-targeting approach in an immune-competent syngeneic mouse model of meningioma using anti-CSF1/CSF1R immunotherapy [49], which has been shown to induce anti-tumoral responses in other brain malignancies, such as glioma [53,54,55]. Here, CSF1R is linked to meningioma.