In a prior window-of-opportunity study of women with stage 0 and 1 breast cancer, administration of pre-surgical fluvastatin was associated with a reduction in breast tumor proliferation, as demonstrated by a reduction in Ki-67 expression in high-grade tumors and a preferential increase in tumor apoptosis in high-grade and ER-negative tumors [41]. The gene discussed is MKI67; the disease is breast carcinoma.