PDCD1 and neoplasm: Another study of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in 20 locally advanced melanoma patients showed a rapid pathological response associated with the accumulation of CD8+ Tex cells in the tumor at 3 weeks and reinvigoration in the blood as early as 1 week, as determined by the expansion of Ki67+PD-1+ and Ki67+PD-1+CTLA-4+CD8+ T cells [80].