In this study, we employed logistic regression analysis adjusting for various factors, including duration of T2DM, hypertension duration, SBP, presence of DKD, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, fasting glucose (S-fasting glucose), urea, creatinine, cystatin C and urine albumin/creatinine ratio. Here, ALB is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.