SOD1 and epilepsy: To study the effects of LEV on antioxidant–oxidant activity in long-term epilepsy, we determined the SOD, CAT, GPx and GR activities; GSH levels; and H2O2, carbonylated protein, MDA and 8-OHdG oxidant stress marker levels in the hippocampi of TLE model animals at 5.7 months (23 weeks) after SE.