MFF and viral infectious disease: In addition, mitochondrial fission is also observed in cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV infections, and the viral infections induce the phosphorylation of dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L) at Ser616, upregulation of the expression of DNM1L and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), recruitment of DNM1L to the mitochondria, and the subsequent increase in mitochondrial fission, thereby mediating the PRKN-dependent mitophagy [20,21].