Among the T-cell subpopulations, it appears that the CD4+ T-cells are the dominant immune mediators involved in the remodeling process that occurs in the postischemic myocardium and in maladaptive myocardial hypertrophy via the release of fibrosis promoting cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 [26,50]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and cardiac hypertrophy.