Therefore, to understand the role of autophagy and ER stress in kidney organogenesis and the pathogenesis of CKD, in this study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of LC3B, LAMP2A, and GRP78 during different developmental stages of early developing human kidneys and in samples from patients with diabetes mellitus, as one of the major causes of CKD. Here, HSPA5 is linked to chronic kidney disease.