The importance of ACAT inhibition in treatment strategies is underscored by decades of research, though only a few small molecule ACAT inhibitors such as CI-1011 (avasimibe), CS-505 (pactimibe), K-604, and F12511 (eflucimibe) have reached clinical trials for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis [32,33,34,35,36]. This evidence concerns the gene ACAT1 and familial hypercholesterolemia.