PDCD1 and cancer: In contrast, IT treatment has not been associated with serious irAEs in human cancer patients [25,26] or in canine patients treated with anti-PD-1 (our preliminary data), other IT treatments like IL2/IL12 in canine soft tissue sarcoma and melanoma patients [27,28], or anti-OX40 combined with a toll-like receptor (TLR3/8) agonist in various canine solid tumors [29].