Importantly, we observed the successful formation of SOX9− LPC-like immature CCA nodules in Akt-YAP1 Sox9 LKO livers at an early stage at 2 weeks post-HDTVI, expressing equivalent markers to SOX9+ CCA-like nodules in Sox9 WT livers, which is similar with the case of Akt-NICD Sox9 KO livers forming SOX9− AKT-NICD CCA nodules. Here, YAP1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.