Consistent with observations in YAP1 alone-mediated liver cancer settings, chronic developmental deletion by Sox9 LKO prior to the HDTVI delivery of Akt-YAP1 induced a switch of tumor lineage from cHCC-CCA to aggressive and poorly differentiated HCC with LPC characteristics, genetically representing a subset of clinical HCC cases. Here, YAP1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.