Akt and YAP1 plasmids were co-delivered by SB-HDTVI into Alb-Cre;Sox9flox/flox (Sox9 LKO) or Sox9flox/flox (LWT) in which Sox9 was deleted HC and BEC initiated at around day E15 [18], resulting in chronic developmental deletion prior to tumor formation (Figure 1A). Here, YAP1 is linked to neoplasm.