Although the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors revolutionised the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the response rate to single-agent anti-PD1 is only 45% in the first-line setting and predominantly occurs in patients with tumours expressing high levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) ≥ 50% [2]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.