PAK4 and ovarian carcinoma: Using 3D spheroids with ovarian cancer cells resistant to platinum-based therapy that mimic the CSC-enriched tumor masses floating intraperitoneally, Kudo et al. demonstrated that KPT-9274 inhibited NAD+ production via direct NAMPT inhibition and also reduced PAK4 activity, resulting in an NAD+-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein, AKT, and β-Catenin [112].