Thus, UBE2O plays a prominent role in the regulation of RBC maturation, also acting as a quality control factor in reticulocytes, suggesting a putative role of UBE2O in the treatment of hematological malignancies characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, such as β-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. The gene discussed is UBE2O; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.