Previously, other groups have shown that HER2-amplified BC cell lines can shift from PI3K/AKT pathway activation to RAS/MAPK signaling when grown in 3D rather than 2D culture conditions [60], and the suppression of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling resulting from Notch activation is capable of causing an effector pathway switch to RAL-1 signaling downstream of EGFR and RAS in C. elegans vulval patterning [61]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and breast cancer.