TGFB1 and cancer: However, previous studies have measured salivary TGF-β in various conditions like oral submucous fibrosis, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and radiation-induced salivary gland damage, but to our best knowledge, there are no published data on salivary TGF-β concentrations in cancer cachexia without the primary disease involvement of head and neck structures [23,27,28].