CCL2 and neoplasm: The correlation of the mRNA level analyzed by qPCR of eight immunomodulatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL18, CCL20, CCL22, IL10, TGFB1, and GDF15), the transcription factor IRF4, the marker of proliferation Kiel 67 (MKI67), and two macrophage markers (CD68, CD163) with clinical parameters such as tumor volume (n = 124), growth rate (n = 31), relative growth rate (n = 31), hearing class (n = 143), Koos grade (n = 144), and age at surgery (n = 144) were investigated (Figure 2).