These include genes associated with RCC syndromic diseases (CDC73, FH, FLCN, MET, PTEN, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, TSC1, TSC2, and VHL), Lynch Syndrome (EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (TP53), and cancer predisposition genes (BAP1, MITF, POLD1, and POLE). Here, TSC1 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.