In addition, TF3 treatment increased the expression levels of AMPK α and IRS1-related proteins, activated AKT protease, and enhanced the expression level of AKT protein phosphorylation, which indicated that TF3 could regulate liver glucose metabolism in T2DM mice based on the IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway. This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.