Current research suggests a close association between diabetic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.54 Oxidative-reductive reactions can trigger HMGB-1 translocation, leading to sustained activation of proinflammatory pathways and exacerbating myocardial injury via binding with RAGE.55 Some experts consider diabetic heart disease as primarily a mitochondrial disorder. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is myocardial ischemia.