NFKB1 and diabetes mellitus: Silencing of TLR-2 interrupted NF-κB nuclear expression and HMGB-1-induced NF-κB-DNA binding.74 HMGB-1 is also believed to be implicated in diabetic nephropathy development through its modulation of autophagy.79 The Inhibition of HMGB-1 reduces apoptosis and injury in podocytes, delaying glomerular function deterioration caused by diabetes through the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibition of autophagy.80