Recent developments in diabetes mellitus complications pathogenesis have associated high mobility complex box (HMGB-1) with the onset and progression of diabetes complications, mainly through activation and mediating the expression of inflammatory signalling molecules (refer Figure 1).3 In this review, we intend to provide and consolidate recent developments on HMGB-1 and diabetes complications pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and diabetes mellitus.