Additionally, ERVH48-1 has been shown to influence disease outcomes, such as inhibiting breast cancer (Zavesky et al. 2024), prediction of recurrence-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (Luo et al. 2020), up-regulation of expression in lung cancer cells (Zhan et al. 2022), and potentially playing a role in antiviral immunity (Frank et al. 2022). This evidence concerns the gene ERVH48-1 and lung carcinoma.