VANGL2 and cardiac hypertrophy: During myocardial hypertrophy, Vangl2 aggravates myocardial hypertrophy by regulating Wnt/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling (Brunt et al., 2021; Jessen and Jessen, 2017; Jessen and Jessen, 2019) and the expansion of cardiomyocyte surface area (Brunt et al., 2021; Jessen and Jessen, 2017; Jessen and Jessen, 2019).