In the oral environment, LL-37 plays several critical roles, such as antimicrobial action, immunomodulation, suppression of autoimmune diseases and carcinomas, and maintenance of homeostasis [46] hsa-miR-378a-3p has demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, particularly through its interaction with the antimicrobial peptide LL37 [47]. Here, CAMP is linked to carcinoma.