IGF2BP3 also serves as an oncogene in PCa, as a study illustrated its ability to combine with hsa_circ_0003258 to directly enhance the stability of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) mRNA, consequently activating ERK signaling pathway to drive PCa metastasis (Yu et al., 2022) (Figure 4). Here, HDAC4 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.