Interestingly, CXCL10 increases proliferation, migration, and/or epithelial–mesenchymal transition of invasive breast carcinoma cells, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and lung adenocarcinoma cells through distinct mechanisms, such as upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, c-Myc, survivin, β-catenin, and MKP-1 expression or ERK1/2 phosphorylation (Ejaeidi et al. 2015; Ouyang et al. 2016; Duruisseaux et al. 2017; Ren et al. 2017; Kim et al. 2021). Here, MAPK3 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.