Several studies also found that heterozygous mutations and deletions in GJA5 have been identified in patients with structural cardiac defects (especially aortic arch anomalies and tetralogy of Fallot) (Guida et al., 2013; Soemedi et al., 2012; Christiansen et al., 2004) and essential hypertension (Wang et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene GJA5 and Tetralogy of Fallot.