In sepsis, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is consistently activated in conjunction with the NF-κB pathway, either independently or cooperatively stimulating the secretion of downstream inflammatory factors such as COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and iNOS (23, 37, 38). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Sepsis.