KRAS and malignant colon neoplasm: Our findings revealed that in colon cancer, the primary gene mutations involved APC, TTN, TP53, MUC16, SYNE1, RYR2, and KRAS, predominantly characterized by missense mutations and SNPs, with the most common mutation being the substitution of C with T. Notably, RCC exhibited a higher frequency of missense mutations and SNPs compared to LCC (missense mutations: LCC vs. RCC: 18726/115 vs. 82187/162; SNPs: LCC vs. RCC: 32524/115 vs. 144253/162) (Figures 4A, B, Supplementary Table 7).