CCL4 and tuberculosis: In our study, TB patients with PDM demonstrated elevated levels of various cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-17, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and GM-CSF) and chemokines (CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11).