PTEN and central nervous system cancer: In parallel, several potential pathologic characteristics of glioma have been investigated, which include 1p/19q codeletion, IDH, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, PTEN/Akt pathway, Rb, Ras/MAPK pathway, extrachromosomal DNA, MGMT, TERT, and ATRX (5, 10, 12).