Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) and glycodeoxycholate (GDCA), mediated by TGR5, can activate HSC expression, stimulate JNK and ERK1/2 pathways, and increase the expression of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α, thereby further promoting liver fibrosis (Xie et al., 2021). Here, NFKB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.