The immune system is vital for tissue repair post-infection, protection against new infections, and clearance of existing infections.17,18 In the ileum, active BA absorption sites trigger T-cell-mediated inflammation.19 Other bile acids, such as 3-oxoLCA and isoLCA, regulate the immune response by inhibiting TH17 cell function.20 Chemokine CXCL16, which is secreted by hepatocytes, exerts regulatory control over the accumulation of NKT cells. Here, CXCL16 is linked to infection.