To this end, we performed TLR3 inhibition studies utilizing a well-studied competitive inhibitor of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding to TLR3 [(R)-2-(3-chloro-6-fluorobenzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid] to determine whether inhibition of TLR3 signaling blocks development of AIP; importantly, this inhibitor has previously been shown not to inhibit signaling by other TLRs, including signaling by TLR7 (18, 19). Here, TLR7 is linked to autoimmune pancreatitis.