Studies of the types of bacteria translocated under these conditions by 16S ribosomal RNA analysis disclosed that whereas many types of bacteria are in fact translocated into the pancreas upon barrier compromise, one organism in particular, Staphylococcus sciuri, was associated with more severe pancreatic inflammation and this organism was capable of stimulating pDCs isolated from inflamed tissues to produce increased amounts of IFN-α and IL-33 (35). This evidence concerns the gene IL33 and inflammation.