TLR2 and ischemic stroke: showed that self‐therapeutic tFNAs protect against neuronal apoptosis in rats with ischemic stroke (IS) (Figure 6a), marked by the blockage of the artery leading to the brain.[167] After i.v. injection, tFNAs entered neurons in the contralateral and ischemic hemispheres (Figure 6b) and protected the neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting the TLR2, MyD88, and p‐NF‐ĸB along the TLR2 pathway in the brain (Figure 6c,d).