IFNG and alopecia areata: IFN-γ impaired the immune privilege of hair follicles and interferes with the hair growth cycle by regulating the MHC molecule and JAK/STAT signaling, inducing alopecia areata finally (Paus et al., 2018; Simakou et al., 2019; Flores et al., 2019; Paggioli and Moss et al., 2022; Dainichi et al., 2023).