TNF and inflammatory response: Arora et al. demonstrated how Kanakasava exerts its antiasthmatic effect at concentrations of 1.23 and 2.46 ml/kg in ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and bronchial asthma in rats by reducing IL-5, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, LTD-4, IgE, NO, and nitrite in serum and BALF compared to dexamethasone [103].