TNF and asthma: Liu et al. showed that ganoderic acid C1 (GAC1) isolated from G. lucidum inhibits TNF-α production in asthma patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in murine macrophages stimulated by LPS and associated this effect with NF-κB signaling pathway suppression and, in part, with MAPK and AP1 pathway suppression.