Furthermore, investigating the mechanistic underpinnings of GLP-1 effects on reproductive hormones and fertility outcomes in PCOS is crucial for understanding their potential role in reproductive medicine. Recent research on second-line anti-diabetic medications, including GLP-1 RAs, suggests no increased risk of major congenital malformations with periconceptional maternal use, yet further evidence is required to confirm their safety throughout pregnancy [41]. Here, GCG is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.