CSF2 and congenital rubella syndrome: The two main complications are cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, as well as immune responses mediated by other innate immune cells, including immune effector cell-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like syndrome (IEC-HS) and macrophage activation cells (MAC).