ACTA1 and neoplasm: Of note, IHC analysis demonstrated a consistent result that the expression of oncogenic TNC and CAF markers (αSMA and collagen I), as well as M2-like pro-tumoral macrophages (stained as CD206 +) were notably decreased in the pGSN-overexpressing tumor tissues (Fig. 7F and S7I), supporting the notion that pGSN induced anti-tumor and pro-inflammatory immunomodulation.