SAMHD1 and cancer: We also identified a novel association of SAMHD1 damaging variants and HC-PTVs with ‘all cancer’ in both males (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12 (95% CI: 1.72–2.62), P = 4.7 × 10−13) and females (OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 1.31–1.96), P = 4 × 10−6; Fig. 3 and Supplementary Tables 8–10).