Due to the dynamic nature of the pandemic, including the mutation of SARS-CoV-2, changes in immunity levels in the population, and alterations in treatment plans for COVID-19, the underlying risk of the population may change and as a result, the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors on risks of MACE and MAKE in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection may also change over time51. Here, SLC5A2 is linked to COVID-19.