After reinfusion into the patient, T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors recognize the tumor target antigen, promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the tumor microenvironment, including IL-1, IL-2 receptors, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-∝) as part of the immune activation mechanism originated from the infused cells themselves and from other local immune cells like monocytes and macrophages.7 Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.