ANXA11 and neurodegenerative disease: The heteromeric amyloid filament structure of ANXA11 and TDP-43 explains the colocalization of these two proteins in the inclusions of FTLD-TDP type C. However, it is important to make the distinction that colocalization of a given protein with inclusions is not sufficient evidence for heteromeric assembly, as many additional non-assembled proteins are sequestered in inclusions50–52, and all previously determined structures of pathological assemblies in neurodegenerative diseases have been homotypic amyloid filaments1,31.