CD4 and inflammatory bowel disease: Furthermore, both spike-specific polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cell responses after three vaccine doses in patients with arthritis were comparable to healthy controls and patients with IBD (PFS of patients with IBD, arthritis, and healthy controls for CD4 responses, 0.40 (0.34–0.45) vs. 0.33 (0.15–0.40) vs. 0.37 (0.30–0.43); for CD8 responses, 0.10 (0.04–0.21) vs. 0.09 (0.04–0.14) vs. 0.10 (0.02–0.30)) (Fig. 3d and e; Supplementary Table S1, Appendix p2).