Similarly, genetically predicted focal epilepsy was associated with increased levels of several cytokines, including IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-7, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and TNF-α (IVW: OR = 1.164, 95% CI = 1.014–1.337, P = .031; IVW: OR = 1.239, 95% CI = 1.013–1.514, P = .037; IVW: OR = 1.239, 95% CI = 1.003–1.530, P = .047; IVW: OR = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.021–1.527, P = .031; IVW: OR = 1.174, 95% CI = 1.028–1.341, P = .018; IVW: OR = 1.251, 95% CI = 1.028–1.523, P = .025). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and focal epilepsy.