NFKB1 and neoplasm: It is worth noting that although endogenous and exogenous pathways are mediated by distinct molecular mechanisms, these two pathways collectively contribute to increased cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, migration, and invasion by activating key transcription factors, such as NF-κB, STAT3, and HIF1A in tumor cells (33).