For instance, the prolonged and gradual release of Mg2+ ions from HA/MgO nanocrystal-based hybrid hydrogels markedly enhances bone regeneration related to diabetes by downregulating M1 macrophage infiltration and hastening the secretion of osteoblast-inducing factors like BMP-2 and IL-1RA from macrophages [86]. This evidence concerns the gene BMP2 and diabetes mellitus.