These findings align with our previous observation that cART treatmentfails to replenish the depleted CD4+TEM in BAL and lung ofMtb/SIV co-infected RMs [15].Immunophenotyping of BAL CD8+ T cells into CD8+TCM andCD8+TEM showed a significant increase (P = 0.01)in percentage of CD4+TCM at peak viremia (week 11post-Mtb infection or 2 weeks post SIV co-infection). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is coinfection.