PTX3 and in situ carcinoma: Notably, pentraxin-3 displayed a considerable reduction in RRMS compared to CIS, while tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand 3 (TRAIL-R3), dickkopf-3 (DKK-3), follistatin-like 1, hippuric acid (HipAcid), Hex3Cer(d18:1/20:0), and PC.ae.C36:2 exhibited decreased levels in both RRMS and SPMS relative to CIS (Figures 5A–G).