The active AR ligand 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may contribute to glioblastoma occurrence by reducing the effect of TGFβ receptor signaling on glioblastoma cells growth and apoptosis.218 Study has found that AR upregulation promoted glioblastoma proliferation and progression by decreasing small VCP/p97 interacting protein (SVIP) and p53 expression.219 Androgens and AR were linked to gastric cancer development. This evidence concerns the gene SVIP and glioblastoma.