Bryzgalova et al. found that estrogen increased liver Lepr expression by binding to ERα, upregulated genes involved in lipid transport, thus regulating liver insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.139 Taken together, estrogen stimulated insulin secretion and regulated the expression of lipid genes, thereby lowering blood glucose and preventing type 2 diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.